Itangazamakuru rya fibre optique nigitangazamakuru icyo aricyo cyose cyohereza imiyoboro ikoresha ibirahuri, cyangwa fibre ya plastike mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe, kugirango wohereze amakuru y'urusobekerane muburyo bwa pulses.Mu myaka icumi ishize, fibre optique yahindutse ubwoko bwitangazamakuru ryogukwirakwiza imiyoboro nkuko bikenewe kwaguka ryinshi kandi birebire.
Tekinoroji ya fibre optique iratandukanye mubikorwa byayo kuruta itangazamakuru ryumuringa risanzwe kuko ihererekanyabubasha ni "digitale" yumucyo aho guhinduranya amashanyarazi.Byoroheje cyane, fibre optique ikwirakwiza imwe na zeru zoherejwe numuyoboro wa digitale mugukingura no kuzimya urumuri rwumucyo rwumucyo wa lazeri, yuburebure bwatanzwe, kumurongo mwinshi cyane.Inkomoko yumucyo mubisanzwe ni laser cyangwa ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa Diode (LED).Umucyo uturuka kumucyo utanga urumuri no kuzimya muburyo bwamakuru yatanzwe.Umucyo ugenda imbere muri fibre kugeza ibimenyetso byurumuri bigeze aho bigenewe kandi bigasomwa na optique ya optique.
Intsinga ya fibre optique itezimbere kumurongo umwe cyangwa myinshi yumucyo.Uburebure bwumurongo wumucyo runaka nuburebure, bupimirwa muri nanometero (miliyari icumi za metero, mu magambo ahinnye “nm”), hagati yimpinga yumuraba mumurabyo usanzwe uturuka kumasoko yumucyo.Urashobora gutekereza kuburebure bwumurongo nkibara ryumucyo, kandi bingana numuvuduko wumucyo ugabanijwe numurongo.Kubijyanye na Fibre imwe imwe (SMF), uburebure bwinshi butandukanye bwumucyo burashobora kwanduzwa hejuru ya fibre optique icyarimwe.Ibi ni ingirakamaro mu kongera ubushobozi bwogukwirakwiza insinga ya fibre optique kuva buri burebure bwumucyo ni ikimenyetso cyihariye.Kubwibyo, ibimenyetso byinshi birashobora gutwarwa kumurongo umwe wa fibre optique.Ibi bisaba laseri nyinshi na detector kandi byitwa Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM).
Mubisanzwe, fibre optique ikoresha uburebure buri hagati ya 850 na 1550 nm, bitewe nurumuri.By'umwihariko, Multi-Mode Fibre (MMF) ikoreshwa kuri 850 cyangwa 1300 nm naho SMF ikoreshwa kuri 1310, 1490, na 1550 nm (kandi, muri sisitemu ya WDM, muburebure bwumuraba uzengurutse ubu burebure bwambere).Ubuhanga bugezweho burimo kugeza kuri 1625 nm kuri SMF ikoreshwa kubisekuruza bizaza Passive Optical Networks (PON) kubikorwa bya FTTH (Fibre-Kuri-Murugo).Ikirahuri gishingiye kuri silika kiragaragara cyane kuri ubu burebure, bityo rero ihererekanyabubasha rikora neza (hariho ibimenyetso bike byerekana ibimenyetso) muriki cyiciro.Kubisobanuro, urumuri rugaragara (urumuri ushobora kubona) rufite uburebure bwumurongo uri hagati ya 400 na 700 nm.Amashanyarazi menshi ya fibre optique akorera murwego rwo hafi ya infragre (hagati ya 750 na 2500 nm).Ntushobora kubona urumuri rwa infragre, ariko ni isoko nziza ya fibre optique.
Fibre fibre isanzwe ni 50/125 na 62.5 / 125 mubwubatsi.Ibi bivuze ko intandaro yo kwambika ibipimo bya diameter ari microni 50 kugeza kuri microne 125 na micron 62.5 kugeza kuri microne 125.Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa fibre fibre yamashanyarazi iboneka uyumunsi, ibisanzwe ni multimode sc patch kabel fibre, LC, ST, FC, ect.
Inama: Byinshi mubisanzwe fibre optique itanga urumuri rushobora gukora gusa muburebure bwumurongo ugaragara no hejuru yuburebure bwumurongo, ntabwo biri kumurongo umwe wihariye.Lazeri (amplifisione yumucyo ukangurwa no gusohora imirasire) hamwe na LED bitanga urumuri murwego ruto, ndetse nuburebure bwumurongo umwe.
UMUBURO: Inkomoko yumucyo ukoreshwa hamwe ninsinga za fibre optique (nkinsinga za OM3) zibangamira cyane iyerekwa ryawe.Urebye neza kurangiza fibre nzima irashobora kwangiza cyane retina yawe.Urashobora guhinduka impumyi burundu.Ntuzigere ureba amaherezo ya fibre optique utabanje kumenya ko ntamucyo ukora.
Kwiyongera kwa fibre optique (byombi SMF na MMF) biri munsi yuburebure burebure.Nkigisubizo, itumanaho rirerire rikunda kugaragara kuri 1310 na 1550 nm yumurambararo wa SMF.Ubusanzwe fibre optique ifite attenuation nini kuri 1385 nm.Iyi mpinga y'amazi nigisubizo cyinshi cyane (mugice cya miriyoni) cyamazi yashizwemo mugihe cyo gukora.By'umwihariko ni itumanaho –OH (hydroxyl) molekile ibaho kugira ihindagurika ryayo iranga uburebure bwa 1385 nm;bityo bigatanga umusanzu murwego rwo hejuru kuri ubu burebure.Amateka, sisitemu yitumanaho yakoraga kumpande zombi.
Iyo urumuri rwumucyo rugeze aho rugana, sensor ifata ibimenyetso byumucyo bihari cyangwa bidahari kandi bigahindura impiswi yumucyo igasubira mubyuma byamashanyarazi.Uko ibimenyetso byerekana urumuri bitatanye cyangwa bihuza imbibi, niko bishoboka cyane ko gutakaza ibimenyetso (attenuation).Byongeye kandi, buri fibre optique ihuza ibimenyetso byerekana aho igana irerekana uburyo bwo gutakaza ibimenyetso.Rero, abahuza bagomba gushyirwaho neza kuri buri murongo.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa fibre optique ihuza uyumunsi.Ibisanzwe cyane ni: ST, SC, FC, MT-RJ na LC ihuza imiterere.Ubu bwoko bwibihuza byose birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe na multimode cyangwa fibre imwe.
Sisitemu nyinshi zohereza LAN / WAN zikoresha fibre imwe yo kohereza hamwe niyakirwa.Nyamara, tekinoroji igezweho ituma fibre optique ikwirakwiza mu byerekezo bibiri hejuru yumurongo umwe (urugero, acwdm muxukoresheje tekinoroji ya WDM).Uburebure butandukanye bwumucyo ntibubangamirana kuberako disikete zashizweho kugirango zisome gusa uburebure bwihariye.Kubwibyo, uko uburebure bwumurongo wohereje hejuru yumurongo umwe wa fibre optique, nubushakashatsi bukenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-03-2021